Kirkuk Journal of Medical Sciences

for estimation the prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia amidst Iraqi postmenopausal females turning up the Azadi Teaching Hospital's Diabetes and Endocrinology clinic, as well as the relevant venture agents. A descriptive cross-sectional treatise was carried out in a diabetic and endocrinology clinic in Kirkuk, Iraq. An aggregate of 1085 Iraqi postmenopausal females at age 45 to 84 years old were enrolled in this study, which took place between April 2019 and April 2021. The bone mineral density of all patients was measured using a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan. According to World Health Organization recommendations, the DEXA scan was explicated in idioms of T score. Osteoporosis and osteopenia were found to be prevalent in 37.5 percent and 44.6 percent of the population, respectively. The lumbar spine had the highest incidence of osteoporosis (32.40 %), chased via the left femoral neck (14.40 %), and the left femoral neck had the highest frequency of osteopenia (56.10 %), the lumbar spine (41.30 %). Extended menopausal scope, ordinary or overweight BMI, elevated parity, corporal inactivity, affirmative family history of osteoporosis, inconvenient sun exposition, elevated diurnal cafe utilization, low diurnal utilization of calcium, with delayed menarche age were whole linked to osteoporosis. Females with type 2 diabetes, on the other hand, had a decreased incidence of osteoporosis. Iraqi postmenopausal females have a significant frequency of osteoporosis and osteopenia. More generic instruction plus a better publicizing of knowledge about osteoporosis and its prohibition are required

Abstract: for estimation the prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia amidst Iraqi postmenopausal females  turning up the Azadi Teaching Hospital's Diabetes and Endocrinology clinic, as well as the relevant venture agents. A descriptive cross-sectional treatise was carried out in a diabetic and endocrinology clinic in Kirkuk, Iraq. An aggregate of 1085 Iraqi postmenopausal females at age 45 to 84 years old were enrolled in this study, which took place between April 2019 and April 2021. The bone mineral density of all patients was measured using a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan. According to World Health Organization recommendations, the DEXA scan was explicated in idioms of T score. Osteoporosis and osteopenia were found to be prevalent in 37.5 percent and 44.6 percent of the population, respectively. The lumbar spine had the highest incidence of osteoporosis (32.40 %), chased via the left femoral neck (14.40 %), and the left femoral neck had the highest frequency of osteopenia (56.10 %), the lumbar spine (41.30 %). Extended menopausal scope, ordinary or overweight BMI, elevated parity, corporal inactivity, affirmative family history of osteoporosis, inconvenient sun exposition, elevated diurnal cafe utilization, low diurnal utilization of calcium, with delayed menarche age were whole linked to osteoporosis. Females with type 2 diabetes, on the other hand, had a decreased incidence of osteoporosis. Iraqi postmenopausal females have a significant frequency of osteoporosis and osteopenia. More generic instruction plus a better publicizing of knowledge about osteoporosis and its prohibition are required.

Background: Helicobacter pylori is a significant pathogen of the gastrointestinal tract infection connected with gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric carcinoma. Its infection influences more than half of the world’s inhabitants. Objective: To reveal the prevalence rate of H. pylori infection and linked factors (age, gender, residency, blood group, sources of drinking water and type of food) among students in College of Health Sciences, Erbil, Iraq. Material and Methods: 141 students (73.75% female and 26.24% male) in Colleges of Health Sciences at Hawler Medical University were taken on. Seroepidemiologic method used for detection of H. pyloriIgG antigens using rapid immune chromatographic assay (Camp Medica Group, Bucharest, Romania). A questionnaire sheet was prepared and used for each study subject. Results: Among 141 students, 33(23.40%) were infected with H. pylori. The infection was more prevalent in female students (26%) of total female participant comparing with male students (7%) of total male participant. The higher rate of infected showed in age 20 (29.78%) and high rate of infected students showed no symptoms. Conclusions: H. pylori are highly prevalent among University students in our region. The great prevalence of H. pylori was found in the students with O blood group, elder age groups, urban area, and females.

ackground: Hypertension is a major health abnormality affecting around (20%) of the adult populations in more country. Mortality from vascular events like stroke and ischemic heart disease double with increases in the systolic blood pressure or increases in diastolic blood pressure. Diagnosis of hypertension and control of blood pressure are highly important for decreasing the risk of cardiac attacks and vascular events like strokes. We studied the prevalence, awareness, and control of hypertension in attendance of medical consultation room in Azadi Teaching Hospital in the period from 2013-2015. Objective: To determine: (1). Prevalence, awareness and control of hypertension in adult population attended Azadi Teaching Hospital in Kirkuk. (2). The proportions of treated patients, controlled, and uncontrolled HTN. Patient and methods: Across-sectional point prevalence study. A total of 2351 unselected medical consultation clinic attendance; Blood pressure information on 2351 individuals (in 2013- Prevalence of hypertension based on clinical diagnosis, self- diagnosis, and (BP) measurements. Results: A total of (41%) of all patients were diagnosed as having hypertension (BP nine percent of hypertensive patients were on antihypertensive medications, (21%) of which awareness, treatment, and control rates of hypertention have increased significantly .01). Conclusions: Prevalence of HTN is high in Kirkuk population. The proportions of attendance who received medications remained low, and BP control was bad among HTN patients. These findings indicate that increase in improvement of management and controlling of HTN among our population seriously needed.

Viral hepatitis is responsible for more premature deaths worldwide. The virus killed 1.34 million people in 2016; it is one of the top ten killers in the world. Transmission of hepatitis virus B and C results from exposure to infectious blood or body fluids containing the virus. Since most people with hepatitis B and C virus are asymptomatic, timely diagnosis is important for prevention of complication and transmission. This study has evaluated the prevalence of HBs Ag and HCV Ab seromarkers beside liver function test in pre marriage candidates. Objectives: To find out the prevalence of the HBs Ag and HCV Ab in premarriage candidates in Kirkuk city along with estimation of liver function test and prothrombine time. And so as to increase the awareness and augment preventive measures against this viral hepatitis related morbidity. Methods: A total of 22000 apparently healthy young adults were screened from January 2017 to December 2017 at the premarital consultation clinic in general public health laboratory/ Kirkuk city for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis C virus antibody (HCV Ab). Along with alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspertate aminotransferase (AST), alkalin phosphatase (ALK P) levels, total bilirubine, and prothrombine time were estimated and statistical analysis was done by mini tab version 11. Results: Out of the 22000 subjects screened, 52(0.24%) were positive for HBsAg and 9(0.04%) for HCV Ab, there was no statistical significant difference according to age and sex, but the infection rates peaked at age (21-30) years for both types. Mean ALT and AST levels were significantly elevated of positive HBsAg and HCV Ab cases (29 I U/L, 23, I U/L and 56.3 I U/L, 33.5 IU/L) respectively. In addition two fold elevation of ALT level estimated in (19%) of HBsAg positive and (66%) of HCV Ab positive cases. However all positive subjects were having normal ALK P level normal prothrombine time with slight elevation of total billirubin. Conclusion: The prevalence of HBsAg and HCV Ab among premarital subjects in Kirkuk city is lower than that previously reported. A positive relationship between asymptomatic positive cases with aminotrans- ferase level was reported.

Background: Prior studies have supported that waist circumference correlates with abdominal (central) obesity, and values higher than normal are associated with increased prevalence of hypertension. . Objective: To evaluate the association of waist circumference with increased prevalence of hypertension among population in Kirkuk city. Materials and Methods: Across-sectional study was conducted comprising 300 male and female, their ages ranged from 20-72 years with an average mean of 53 year from Kirkuk city. The waist circumference was measured in centimeters, together with other data designed in the data sheet for this study, hypertensive people were identified and recorded. Patients who had coexisted Diabetes Mellitus and hypertension were excluded from the study. Results: The total number of females was 218, out of them, 176(80.7%) had increased waist circumference, this included 74(42%) hypertensive, compared with 42(19.2%) women with normal waist circumference and included 6(14.2%) hypertensive. (P < 0.05). Out of 82 males, 46(56%) had increased waist circumference (>102cm), this included 17(37%) hypertensive; compared with 36(44%) with normal waist circumference, which included 7(19.4%) hypertensive. P. value ˂0.001 Waist circumference was positively correlated with hypertension Conclusions: Increasing waist circumference was significantly associated with increased prevalence of hypertension, reduction in the occurrence of hypertension in male and female can be achieved if the waist circumference is decreased in these populations.

Background: Patients with thalassemia major are at high risk of hepatitis C and B due to the blood transfusion from donors infected by HCV and HBV. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the major cause of post-transfusion hepatitis infection (PTH). Objective: The aim of this study is to detect the prevalence of anti-HCV antibodies and HBs Ag and risk factors in multitransfused thalassemic patients in Kirkuk city to establish better preventive strategies. Patients and Methods: This study is conducted in Kirkuk city from Nov 2012 to March 2013 for HCV and HBV infection. A structured interview questionnaire is developed by the trained researcher to collect the demographic and risk factors. Statistical analysis was done by Chi-square test. Results: The prevalence of HCV is estimated to be (17.8%) and this is increased with increasing the requirement for blood transfusion in splenectomized patients while only (2.0%) is positive for HBV infection. Conclusion: The study shows a higher prevalence of HCV infection among multitransfused thalassemic patients with increasing requirement for blood transfusion in splenectomized patients.