Document Type : Original research
Author
Ophthalmologist H.D. ophth. Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq.
Abstract
Background: Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial, chronic inflammatory condition of the tears and ocular surface that affects quality of life, causing ocular discomfort and vision abnormalities. It is under-recognized, with challenges in diagnosis and treatment. This study aims to clarify the etiology of dry eye syndrome, assess the distribution of age and gender among patients, and identify associated risk factors.
Methods: A descriptive study was conducted on 946 patients (504 females, 442 males), aged 40 years and above, attending Azady Teaching Hospital's ophthalmology department from July 2020 to September 2021. Participants completed a structured questionnaire, and dry eye symptoms were diagnosed based on clinical signs, slit-lamp examination, Schirmer's test, and tear break-up time (TBUT).
Result: Of 946 patients, 168 (17.8%) were diagnosed with dry eye disease. The mean age of the dry eye group was 57.2 years. The prevalence was higher in females (19.4%) compared to males (15.8%), and was more common in postmenopausal women. Ocular diseases such as blepharitis and meibomian gland dysfunction, systemic conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes, and drug use (antihypertensives, antiglaucoma medications) were significant risk factors.
Conclusions: Dry eye is common in older adults, particularly females, and is associated with various ocular and systemic factors. Early diagnosis and targeted management are crucial for improving quality of life.
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