Background: Neonatal jaundice is a common condition encountered in pediatric practice. ABO incompatibility is one of the known causes that may lead to significant neonatal morbidity. This study aimed to review the frequency and characteristics of ABO incompatibility among neonates presenting with jaundice in Kirkuk Pediatric Hospital.
Methods: This prospective study included 63 neonates admitted to Kirkuk Pediatric Hospital between 15 May and 15 July 2008. All patients underwent clinical evaluation and laboratory investigations, including total serum bilirubin (TSB), complete blood picture (CBP), reticulocyte count, and direct Coombs test using both the antihuman globulin method and the older O-cell technique. Blood group typing was performed for both neonates and their mothers.
Result: The most common cause of neonatal jaundice among the studied patients was physiological jaundice, followed by ABO incompatibility. Male neonates were more frequently affected. The most common neonatal blood group was A, followed by B, while the predominant maternal blood group was O. A significant number of affected neonates had low birth weights (<3 kg). Elevated TSB levels (>200 mmol/L) were observed among these patients.
Conclusions: ABO incompatibility is a well-documented and preventable cause of neonatal morbidity in Kirkuk. Early screening and diagnosis through TSB measurement, CBP, reticulocyte count, and direct Coombs testing in neonates with blood group A or B born to mothers with blood group O is strongly recommended to reduce the risk of complications.