In vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Salvadora persica (Miswak) and of Syzigium aromaticum (Clove) Extracts against Dental Plaque Pathogens

Shareef, Suhayla Hamad; Saeed, Chiman Hameed; Majeed, Pshtiwan Dhahir

doi:10.32894/kjms.2022.136715.1044

In vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Salvadora persica (Miswak) and of Syzigium aromaticum (Clove) Extracts against Dental Plaque Pathogens

Document Type : Original research

Authors

Suhayla Hamad Shareef ¹

Chiman Hameed Saeed ²

Pshtiwan Dhahir Majeed ³

¹ Department of Biology, College of Education, Salahaddin University-Erbil. Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

² Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Erbil Technical Health & Medical College, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

³ Department of Nursing, Erbil Medical Technical Institute, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

https://doi.org/10.32894/kjms.2022.136715.1044

Abstract

Background: Some periodontal bacteria on tooth plaque were shown to be sensitive to extracts from Syzigium aromaticum and Salvadora persica. The study aimed to assess the antimicrobial effect of Syzigium aromaticum and Salvadora persica extracts against dental plaque pathogens.
Methods: Oral swabs were collected from 35 patients with dental plaque, and isolated microorganisms were identified using standard bacteriological methods. Syzigium aromaticum and Salvadora persica extracts were tested against dental plaque microorganisms on Muller Hinton agar at 50% concentration using the paper disks-diffusion technique to measure antimicrobial activity and inhibition zones.
Result: From 35 dental plaque samples, 46 microorganisms were isolated, including Staphylococcus aureus (18), Staphylococcus epidermidis (3), Streptococcus mutans (6), Streptococcus viridans (12), and single isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus spp., Bacillus spp. Two isolates each of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Candida albicans were found. The study revealed that Syzigium aromaticum and Salvadora persica extracts possess antibacterial and antifungal properties against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, as well as fungi.
Conclusions: Syzigium aromaticum and Salvadora persica extracts demonstrated strong antimicrobial efficacy, suggesting their potential for oral hygiene treatment and prevention.

Keywords

Antimicrobial activity

dental plaque

Candida albicans

Syzigium aromaticum

Salvadora persica

Subjects