Kirkuk Journal of Medical Sciences

Introduction: Diabetic macular edema is the most important cause of visual loss in diabetic patients.
Aim of study: To evaluate the association between Ischemic heart diseases and diabetic macular edema in type two diabetes mellitus patients by assessing the severity of visual impairment, assessment of central macular thickness and macular cystoid changes by ocular coherence tomography when both diseases coexist.
Patients and methods: In this study, total of (128) patients studied and classified into two groups , (64) patients were in the first group whom have Ischemic heart diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus, those compared with a second group of another (64) patients whom have type 2 diabetes mellitus without Ischemic heart event. Visual acuity, cystoid macular edema by ocular coherence tomography, central macular thickness by ocular coherence tomography compared between two groups.
Results: In this study, we noticed that 77.4 % of studied eyes with visual acuity of 6/60 or worse were in first group with a significant association. Regarding ocular coherence tomography results, 80.8 % of studied patients with bilateral cystoid macular edema also were in first group with a significant association.
Regarding central macular thickness, the mean was higher in first group (330.96±133.79) as compared with second group (284.03±93.26) with a significant association (p=0.001).
Conclusion: Comparison between two groups revealed significant association between ischemic heart diseases and severity of visual acuity impairment with more sever ocular coherence tomography findings in the first group.

Background: Diabetic retinopathy is one of the main causes of preventable blindness, so early detection and diagnosis play a great role in the management of Diabetic retinopathy.
Aim: To determine the prevalence and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy among diabetic patients.
Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among diabetic patients at Baba Gurgur Diabetic Center_K1 Hospital in Kirkuk city from November 2019 to May 2020. The study included 750 patients.
Result: A total of 750 diabetic participants were involved in this study, with 55 years mean of age ranging from 23 to 80 years, 412 (54.9%) were male, and 338(45.1%) were female. A 115 (15.3%) patients were found with signs of Diabetic Retinopathy (Group A ) and 635 ( 84.7% ) with no signs of Diabetic Retinopathy( Group B ), there was no significant relationship between male and female ratio and DR increases significantly with age.
There was a significantly high level of mean HbAc1 (10.3 ) among the DR group in comparison to (8.5) in the non-DR group. Also, hypertension and smoking play a role in developing DR.
We noticed significant relation between type I diabetes and the prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy.
Conclusion: Affair prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy among Iraqi diabetic patients. High levels of HbA1c, hypertension and, smoking are strongly correlated with diabetic retinopathy. Our findings support enhanced governments' and healthcare providers' efforts in Iraq to ensure DR diagnosis and treatment and greater control of variables correlated with it.

Abstract:
Background: Kerosene poisoning is one of the most common accidental poisoning in children in developing countries due common use of kerosene in house-hold and unsafe storage practices
Aim Of The Study: The aim of this study was to identify the demographics, incidence, clinical features, radiological findings and treatment of kerosene poisoning in children in Kirkuk city.
Patients And Methods: Seventy two cases were admitted immediately to the emergency department in Kirkuk pediatric hospitals, Kerosene ingestion during the period from the 1st of june 2020 to the 1st of june 2021. Fifty four cases (75%) were boys and 18 cases (25%) were girls, and age ranges from 10 months to 10 years. Information regarding the history was taken from their parents , by special questionnaire paper (appendix) statistical method is used in this study.


Conclusions:
1. It appears clearly that kerosene pneumonia in Iraq is most often of mild to moderate degree of severity with no mortality.

Background: acute myocardial infarction (acute MI) in young age population is characterized by bad prognosis. Many modifiable risk factors for acute myocardial infarction in young age population are reported.
Aim of study: To measure the prevalence of acute MI among young age population and identifying the common risk factors related to acute MI in young patients.
Patients and methods: This study is a clinical follow up prospective study conducted in Coronary Care Unit (CCU) of Azadi Teaching Hospital and Kirkuk General Hospital in Kirkuk city through the period from 1st of June to 30th of November, 2018 on convenient sample of 250 patients with acute MI . The patients were categorized into two groups; young age (

Background
Sepsis is the commonest cause of neonatal mortality, it is responsible for about (30 - 50% ) of neonatal deaths every year in developing countries.

Results
Two hundred neonates were studied, sepsis was confirmed in 175 neonates (87.5%) by positive blood culture. Preterm neonates in this study were118 (59%), Prolonged rupture of amniotic membranes( > 18-hrs), was reported in 123 (61.5%), history of maternal fever was reported in 130 (65%). incidence in males was 120 (60%) while in females was 80 (40%). Early-onset disease (0-7 days) had occurred in 69 (34.5%), while 131 (65.5%) was the percentage of late-onset disease(8-30 days) . most of the late-onset disease was nosocomial infections 60 (53.57%). The predominant isolates in both early and late-onset diseases were Gram-negative bacteria 138 (78.8%) . the common organism in early-onset sepsis was E.coli 31 (49.20%), while the common organism in late-onset sepsis was Klebsiella 50 (44.64%). The total mortality rate was 82 (41%), in the early neonatal onset was 26 (42.02%) and while in the late neonatal-onset disease was 56 (42.7%) was. Candida albicans and Pseudomonas aeroginosa have high mortality (100%), but there is no death was recorded in pneumococcal sepsis.
Conclusion Neonatal septicemia generally is present in developing countries more common than in developed countries.

Background: The right ventricular infarction occurs frequently in association with inferior myocardial infarction and occurs separately in rare patterns. It is related to higher morbidity and mortality rates.
Aim of study: To measure the prevalence of right ventricular infarction among patients with inferior wall myocardial infarction and identifying the characteristics related to right ventricular infarction.
Patients and methods: A cross sectional study carried out in Coronary Care Unit of Azadi Teaching hospital in Kirkuk through the period from 1st of January to31st of October, 2017 on convenient sample of 150 inferior wall myocardial infarction patients. The data were collected by publisher through direct interview and filling of a prepared questionnaire.
Results: Right ventricular infarction was present among 39.3% of patients with inferior wall myocardial infarction. There was a highly significant association between older age of self-employed patients with inferior wall myocardial infarction and right ventricular infarction (p

Aim of the study: To estimate the prevalence of triglyceride and high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio among 100 acute coronary syndrome patients and compared to among a sample of 100 control persons.
Methodology: Blood samples were taken from sample (n=100) of acute coronary syndrome inpatients from coronary care unit, and control (n=100) of non acute coronary syndrome outpatients recorded during the period from 1/7/2013 to 30/11/2013 at Baghdad Teaching Hospital.

The mean triglycerides showed a significant differences in different type groups of patients; the unstable angina patients had the lower triglyceride levels than patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction and non ST-elevation myocardial infarction types, the mean triglyceride was 187.6 ± 62 mgdl in unstable angina patients , 218.8 ± 63.3 in ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients and it was 219.5± 62.3 in non ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients, P=0.031.The percentage of triglyceride/high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (≥5 ) in acute coronary syndrome patients was 58% , while in control persons was 10%.
Conclusion: Hypertriglyceridemia has been found to be an associated risk factor for the development of acute coronary syndrome. Lower concentrations of serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol, has been found to be an associated risk factor for the development of acute coronary syndrome. The ratio of triglycerides to high density lipoprotein cholesterol was found to be an associated risk factor for the development of acute coronary syndrome.

ABSTRACTS:
BACKGROUND:
The study is dealing with a pandemic and highly infectious disease which is COVID 19, that caused a pandemic in world and affected a huge number of children in Kirkuk city.
OBJECTIVES:
The objectives of this study are to assess the different presentations, signs & symptoms of COVID 19 in children in Kirkuk city in order to diagnose these cases as soon as possible and isolate them .
SUBJECTS AND METHODS:
This is a community-based descriptive cross-sectional study done in children presenting to Pediatric hospital in Kirkuk city and privet clinics from the period of June 2020 until July 2021, 120 children infected with COVID 19 virus and diagnosed by PCR from nasal swap were collected using a questionaire, containing details of his condition.
RUSULTS:
The study had showed that children may present with a variety of symptoms, like: fever, cough, nasal congestion, loss of smell and/or taste, dyspnea or GIT symptoms like: diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal, others with headache, dizziness, muscle aches and poor feeding.
CONCLUSIONS:
Children infected with COVID 19 might present with a wide variety of symptoms, like respiratory, GIT, CNS or non-specific symptoms, and it is important to send them nasal swap for PCR for early diagnosis, isolation and start the proper treatment with them

Abstract
Back round
Schizophrenia comes in a variety of subtypes that are categorized according to the symptoms manifested. One of these subtypes is characterised by hostility and distrusting (paranoid). This type is more prone to different types of overt aggression .
A main goal in secure forensic mental health services is to reduce violence and prevent violent recidivism by patients after discharge.

Aims
1-To identify patterns of violence among inpatients admitted to forensic units.



Method
1. This cross sectional study was conducted in AL Rashaad Training Hospital ( Forensic unit and other therapeutic wards ). The study sample consists of seventy inpatients in forensic unit compared to seventy inpatients in the ordinary wards. Both were selected randomly from a period from March 2020.to December 2020 .

Results
The results showed that there is high violent behaviour committed by schizophrenic patients at time of admission in forensic unit which were (attempted murder 37.1% , murder 21.4% ) while in ordinary wards were (5.7% , and 0% respectively) , both groups showed no significant difference in expressing different types of violent acts after their admission .In addition , the control group inpatients showed relatively high scoring in expressing all different patterns of violence.

Conclusion
Although the violence as a cause for admission , was very high in forensic unit , the results showed that the rate of violence for both groups, mostly, was not significantly different from ordinary ward after a suitable period of admission.